甘蔗白叶病：种苗与传病叶蝉的两条线

症状与危害

DAMAGE AND SYMPTOMS

明显失绿或白叶、矮化及分蘖异常可提示白叶病，但缺素和其他病害也需鉴别。

Pronounced leaf chlorosis, stunting and altered tillering may suggest white leaf disease. Nutrient disorders and other diseases can produce overlapping signs.

来源与传播

ORIGIN AND SPREAD

传播须分成带病繁殖材料和昆虫媒介两条线。泰国实验确认两种叶蝉具有传病能力；不能把当地所有叶蝉或检出病原的昆虫一概称为有效媒介。

Consider infected planting material and competent insect vectors separately. Thai experiments confirmed Matsumuratettix hiroglyphicus and Yamatotettix flavovittatus. Detecting pathogen DNA in an insect does not by itself demonstrate transmission.

生活史与机理

LIFE CYCLE AND BIOLOGY

病原是与韧皮部相关的植原体，属于无细胞壁细菌，而不是病毒。微观图表现植株和媒介关系，不给病原编造卵、蛹等阶段。

The phloem-associated pathogen is a wall-less bacterium, not a virus. Show plant–vector relationships without assigning insect stages to the phytoplasma.

检查与确认

HOW TO INSPECT AND CONFIRM

记录症状、田块分布、品种及种苗批次；按实验室要求采样并进行针对性检测。肉眼健康不能作为无病种苗的唯一凭据。

Map symptoms and record cultivar and planting-material batches. Follow the laboratory’s sampling protocol for targeted tests. A healthy appearance alone is insufficient evidence for disease-free propagation.

预防、治理与复查

PREVENTION, MANAGEMENT AND FOLLOW-UP

使用经验证健康的种苗，停止利用确诊病株繁殖，按当地方案处理病株并监测、管理有效媒介。普通田间喷药不应被宣传为治愈手段；持续检查新病例。

Use tested healthy material, exclude infected plants from propagation, and coordinate infected-plant and vector management locally. Do not advertise routine spraying as a cure. Continue surveillance for new cases.

参考资料 / References

1. Hanboonsong et al. (2006) — Transmission of sugarcane white leaf phytoplasma
2. Sugar Research Australia — Diseases of Australian Sugarcane Field Guide

科普教学资料，专家审核尚未完成。管理措施需结合本地诊断和技术指导。 / Educational material; expert review pending. Use local diagnosis and agronomic advice.